氮肥减量条件下间作绿豆压青对甘蔗生长及氮代谢的影响

以甘蔗单作常规施氮量为对照（CK）,设氮化肥减量20%+间作绿豆压青（A）、氮化肥减量40%+间作绿豆压青（B）和氮化肥减量60%+间作绿豆压青（C）3个处理,通过测定甘蔗农艺性状、蔗茎产量和甘蔗叶片氮代谢相关生理生化指标,研究氮肥减量条件下间作绿豆压青对甘蔗生长及氮代谢的影响。结果表明,间作绿豆影响新植蔗分蘖,分蘖率显著低于CK,但对甘蔗有效茎数影响不显著。新植蔗产量表现为A>B>CK>C。氮化肥减量条件下间作绿豆压青对宿根蔗发株率、株高、有效茎数、甘蔗茎径有促进作用。宿根蔗蔗茎产量表现为A>B>C>CK。2年的甘蔗蔗糖分含量表现为C>B>A>CK。氮化肥减少20%条件下间作绿豆压青对提高甘蔗叶片谷氨酰胺合成酶、硝酸还原酶活性和游离氨基酸、可溶性糖含量有促进作用。综合甘蔗农艺性状、蔗茎产量、氮代谢相关指标测定结果和经济效益的表现,试验以氮化肥减量20%+间作绿豆压青的A处理最优。     

基于纳米碳添加的减量施肥模式对寒地水稻产量及氮肥效率的影响

为解决减量施肥造成北方寒地水稻肥料供给不足和产量低的问题,以纳米碳增效剂为材料,采用仪器快速检测和植株常规测定分析方法,研究纳米碳添加的常规施肥和减量施肥模式对水稻产量性状和肥料利用效率的影响。结果表明：与常规施肥(CK)相比,纳米碳添加的常规施肥模式(SM-A)、减施氮肥10%(SM-B)和减施氮肥20%(SM-C)对水稻植株形态特征、光合生理特性、产量性状和肥料利用效率产生显著的影响,其中以SM-B增幅最大,SM-A次之,SM-C最小;SM-A、SM-B和SM-C增加经济效益分别为563.56、1374.20和-1391.08元/hm ²,以SM-B增效值最高。本研究表明,SM-B能改善生育期光合生理特性,提高植株产量和肥料利用效率,是寒地水稻较为理想的减量施肥安全利用模式。     

施氮对蜀恢498及其突变体株型和物质生产特性的影响

【目的】分析不同施氮量处理下水稻株型、物质生产以及产量的变化规律,为水稻新品种的选育和栽培管理提供参考。【方法】2015-2016年,以蜀恢498(R498)及其突变体sg1和sg2为材料,采用两因素裂区设计,其中施氮量为主因素(0,90,180 kg/hm~2以下简称为CK,N90,N180),水稻材料为副因素,分析了不同施氮处理下蜀恢498及其突变体节间长度、叶部特征、叶面积指数、高效叶面积率、粒叶比、干物质量、产量及其构成因素的变化。【结果】(1)施氮对R498及其突变体sg1和sg2上部N_1～N_5节间长度均有一定影响,其中N_1、N_2和N_3的节间长度均表现为R498sg1sg2,差异达到显著水平,N_4和N_5节间长度无明显变化规律。在同一节间下,低氮处理(N90)的节间长度与高氮处理(N180)的差异不显著。与CK相比,施氮增加了水稻叶片长度和宽度、单叶面积以及叶面积指数,降低了2016年高效叶面积率。(2)随着施氮量的增加,粒叶比呈降低趋势;3个材料中,sg1的粒叶比最大,比R498和sg2分别高14.97%和34.83%。(3)干物质量随施氮量的增加而增大,N90与N180处理间差异较小。2015-2016年,水稻的产量均表现为R498sg1sg2。R498、sg1和sg2产量均随施氮量的增加而增大。2015和2016年,R498、sg1和sg2 N90处理的产量比N180处理分别减少了14.96%,14.45%,23.77%和2.23%,6.25%,8.66%。有效穗数和千粒质量均表现为R498sg1sg2,而颖花数和着粒密度则表现为sg2sg1R498;施氮对有效穗数影响最大,N90与N180处理间差异总体达到显著水平。(4)2015和2016年,N90处理氮肥偏生产力处理显著高于N180处理。氮肥农学利用率表现为sg2sg1R498,氮肥偏生产力表现为R498sg1sg2。【结论】突变体sg1对氮响应较慢,在水稻育种中有很大的应用价值。在杂交品种选育中,可通过观测不同材料在不同供氮水平下的表现,从而选育出稳产增产的水稻新品种,更好地实现减氮稳产增效。     

Use of supplemental amino acids on the success of reducing dietary protein levels for Jian carp (Cyprinus carpio var. Jian)

A feeding trial was conducted to investigate the effects of essential amino acids (EAA) supplementation on the success of dietary protein reduction for Jian carp (Cyprinus carpio var. Jian). Five diets were formulated including a positive control (Diet 1, 378.4 g/kg protein), a negative control (Diet 5, 289.8 g/kg protein) and three test diets (Diet 2‐Diet 4, 340.4–299.0 g/kg protein supplemented with EAA). No significant decline of growth performance in fish fed decreased dietary protein with EAA supplementation, which were significantly higher than the negative control. The apparent digestibility coefficients (ADC) of protein and most EAAs were not significantly affected by the dietary treatments. Dietary treatments did not affect whole‐body composition, but influenced protein and EAAs retentions. Total ammonia nitrogen (TAN) excretion decreased with the decreasing dietary protein, and the highest plasma ammonia content was observed in fish fed Diet 5. Plasma glucose concentration increased with the decreasing dietary protein reduction, while other plasma parameters were not affected by dietary treatments. These results indicated that low‐protein diets (299.0 g/kg) supplemented with EAA can maintain protein, EAA digestibility and retention in Jian carp, and also has benefit in the reduction of TAN excretion.     

基于GF-6卫星影像多特征优选的酿酒葡萄精准识别

多源遥感信息和特征优选是提高农作物识别精度的重要支撑，高分六号（GF-6）卫星作为首次引入红边波段的国产卫星，其丰富的光谱信息为作物识别提供了新的思路和解决途径。该研究基于宁夏回族自治区银川市永宁县2018年6月-2019年3月的GF-6数据，充分利用红边优势提取光谱特征、纹理特征和植被指数特征，构建多种特征组合方案，并根据随机森林算法对特征重要性进行度量，选取最优特征组合对酿酒葡萄进行精准识别。结果表明，与单一特征相比，多源遥感特征的增加显著改善了酿酒葡萄分类效果，其中，植被指数贡献程度最大，光谱特征次之；基于随机森林的优选特征组合分类效果最佳，其中，总体分类精度为94.15%，酿酒葡萄用户精度为94.23%，制图精度为92.59%；以实地调查的4个酒庄为验证区，将酿酒葡萄提取结果与统计数据进行对比，面积相对精度均在70%以上，其中优选特征结果相对精度在90%以上，研究结果将为国产卫星红边波段在植被分类和识别方面的应用提供数据参考。     

降雨强度对农业耕作措施水土保持作用的影响

利用人工模拟降雨试验，研究不同降雨强度下，不同农业耕作措施坡地水土流失特征。试验设计的坡地坡度分别为5°和15°，降雨强度分别为60、90、120 mm·h^-1；耕作措施分别为等高耕作、人工掏挖和人工锄耕，以相同坡度的平整坡地作为对照。结果表明：（1）随着降雨强度的增大，各耕作措施坡地产流量显著增大1.51倍以上，最大增加幅度为等高耕作坡地的2.28倍。而坡地产沙量在降雨强度较小时增加不显著，当降雨强度增大到120 mm·h^-1时，坡地产沙量显著增大；（2）与平整坡地相比，等高耕作在3个降雨强度下都具有明显的减流效益，减流量均大于15%，而人工锄耕和人工掏挖却不明显；（3）在5°坡地上，等高耕作和人工掏挖在3个降雨强度的减沙效益均大于25%，而人工锄耕减沙效益不明显；在坡度为15°、降雨强度为60 mm·h^-1和90 mm·h^-1时，人工锄耕和人工掏挖减沙效益与降雨强度关系无明显规律，在降雨强度为120 mm·h^-1时，3个耕作措施都不能有效降低坡地产沙量。可见，水土保持农业耕作措施具有降低坡地产流量的作用，而对于坡地产沙的作用存在明显差异，在大坡度和大降雨强度下，不仅不能降低坡地产沙，反而加剧坡地土壤流失。     

Modelling optimal timing and frequency of insecticide sprays for knockdown in preparation for other control measures

A modelling investigation was conducted into optimizing the number of sprays and inter-spray interval to reduce an insect population to a low level, for example, prior to pheromone trapping or the release of sterile males. The model population was age-structured and density-dependent. If spray mortality is 100% for each spray, then the ideal spraying schedule is easily determined from the durations of the various life stages. For spray mortality of less than 100%, a simulation was used to determine optimal spraying schedules. Relative length of the larval period, fertility rate and age to first oviposition were found to be the most important biotic parameters for this determination. Their importance is magnified as spray mortality decreases. The stage targeted by sprays and the percent mortality caused by each spray are also important in determining the required number of sprays. Using medfly (Ceratitis capitata Wiedmann) biotic parameters as an example when the spray targets adults, it appeared that neither the stage at which density-dependent mortality takes effect, nor the form of the adult survivorship curve are important in determining the optimal spray schedule.     

纳米材料在卷烟减害中的应用研究

按照纳米材料在卷烟中的不同添加方式,即添加至滤棒、烟丝和其他卷烟材料中,综述了近年来纳米材料在卷烟减害方面的应用,可知今后纳米材料在卷烟中的应用前景十分广阔。     

Utilization of Livestock''s Dejection as Biogas Origin in Building New Countryside in Heilongjiang Province--Developing Utilization of Biogas and Promoting Energy-saving and Emission Reduction

With the startup and execution of new socialistic countryside construction in Heilongjiang Province,the transition from castoff to resource is strengthened in the countryside,aiming at neat appearance of the countryside,clean production and saving energy.People produce biogas and provide the countryside with new energy by means of turning livestock's dejection into resources,composting of the plant and animal's leavings in the courtyard and even in the factory.It is helpful for the countryside to conserve t...